Writing Turkish

target: tr — Turkish, Türkçe, written left to right in the Latin alphabet with letters of its own — ç ğ ı İ ö ş ü. The studio still cannot tell it from the prose, so every run of it is marked.

1. Every run is marked#

Any mark sets a word or a group as Turkish: […]{tl}, Turkish’s code […]{tr}, a colour, a pronunciation, or any other word in the braces but la, ltr and math.

---target: tr---[kitap]{tl} = *book*, [dağ]{teal translit:dā} = *mountain*, and[Ankara]{translit:ˈAnkara}, stressed on its first syllable.[Bugün hava çok güzel.]{tl bg=sand}

A whole paragraph marked […]{tl} is a block, and takes bg=; inside a line the options are not read. There are no automatic paragraphs and no display lines.

A wrong form is always marked, ✗[gelmiş]{tl}: a ✗ before an unmarked word reddens only the letters of the Western European languages, and stops at a ş, a ğ or an ı.

2. Face#

Turkish is set in the prose’s own face, TeX Gyre Pagella, at the prose’s size; it has no second face and is not set vertically.

3. Vocabulary entries#

Any ## heading with two parts or more is a vocabulary entry, so a section title in a Turkish document cannot hold a |.

---target: tr---## dağ | dā | Old Turkic *taġ* | = *mountain*## [kâr]{teal translit:kār} | | from Persian *kār* | = *profit*

4. Pronunciation#

Turkish spelling is one letter, one sound, and a pronunciation is given only where it helps — in three cases, and only three, for the whole word or group:

1. ğ, which is never a consonant: after a ı o u it lengthens the vowel (dağ dā, yağmur yāmur), after e i it is a y (değil deyil), after ö ü it lengthens again (düğün dǖn).
2. A long vowel the spelling does not show, in a word from Arabic or Persian: kâr kār profit against kar snow, hâlâ hālā.
3. A stress not on the last syllable, with ˈ (U+02C8, not an apostrophe) before the stressed syllable: the negative ˈgelme, place names (ˈAnkara, İsˈtanbul), and a short list of adverbs (ˈşimdi, ˈsonra).

The only symbols: ā ē ī ō ū ȫ ǖ for long vowels, ä for the open e inside a line already given, and ˈ. Capitals stay as the text has them; the apostrophe of İstanbul’da is dropped (İsˈtanbulda).

---target: tr---[yağmur]{translit:yāmur} *rain*, [hâlâ]{translit:hālā} *still*,[şimdi]{teal translit:ˈşimdi} *now*.

Turkish has no reading: kana: means nothing here.